Before going to define diabetes mellitus, let me explain the basic physiology related to this disease. When you eat a carbohydrate, your body turns it into a sugar called glucose and sends that to your bloodstream. Your pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that helps move glucose from your blood into your cells, which use it for energy.

Diabetes mellitus is considered an important and common group of diseases that causes high blood sugar levels. Insulin is an important hormone that is responsible for the movement of sugar from the blood into the cell. The sugar is stored in the cells and act as an energy source for the body. In diabetes mellitus, the body of the patient either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make.

When sugar is present in high concentrations within the blood, it causes severe problems like nerve damage and also affect the eyes, kidneys, and other organs.